怎么新建MySQL数据库

1、安装MySQL：

查看MySQL可用版本信息：

brew info mysql

我这边看到的版本是5.7.10：

mysql: stable 5.7.10 (bottled)

接下来安装MySQL5.7.10：

brew install mysql

安装完成之后按照提示将plist文件放入~/Library/LaunchAgents/中并load，设定MySQL开机启动：

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/mysql/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents

启动MySQL：

mysql.server start

启动之后由于MySQL默认没有设置密码，所以要设置root的密码：

mysql -uroot -p

提示输入密码的时候直接按回车就登录了，登录MySQL后提示如下：

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.10 Homebrew

接下来设置root的密码：

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';

设置密码的时候最好设置一个强密码，关于强密码的规则，官方有如下说明：

Note
MySQL's validate_password plugin is installed by default. This will require that passwords contain at least one upper case letter, one lower case letter, one digit, and one special character, and that the total password length is at least 8 characters.

为了方便使用，我们经常会创建任意连接的root用户：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!' WITH GRANT OPTION;

刷新权限使命令生效：

flush privileges;

退出MySQL：exit；PHP 7.1.0-dev (cli) (built: Feb 4 2016 09:02:09) ( ZTS DEBUG ) Copyright (c) 1997-2016 The PHP Group Zend Engine v3.1.0-dev, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies with Zend OPcache v7.0.6-dev, Copyright (c) 1999-2016, by Zend Technologies复制mysql配置文件：

sudo cp /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.7.10/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

在/etc/my.cnf 中的[mysqld]后添加lower_case_table_names=1，重启MYSQL服务，这时已设置成功：不区分表名的大小写;

PS.lower_case_table_names参数详解： 0：区分大小写，1：不区分大小写

2、安装php7：

①、下载php7：

mkdir ~/php7 && cd ~/php7
git clone https://git.php.net/repository/php-src.git

②、构建php7：

cd php-src
./buildconf

③、编译php：

PS.编译的时候如果内存1G以下请在结尾加上：--disable-fileinfo，

安装php7时需要用安装re2c、bison、ffmpeg、mcrypt、libiconv、gd、openssl：

安装re2c：

brew install re2c

安装bison(3.0.4)：

brew install bison
brew switch bison 3.0.4
brew link bison --force
sudo mv /usr/bin/bison /usr/bin/bison.orig
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/bison /usr/bin/bison

安装ffmpeg：

brew install ffmpeg

安装openssl：

brew install openssl
brew link openssl --force

安装mcrypt：

brew install mcrypt

安装libiconv：

brew install libiconv

如果想要用openssl，刚才已经安装了openssl，但是系统自带了openssl，所以要用安装的openssl替换系统自带的openssl：

sudo ln -sf /usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl

替换完成之后输入openssl version就可以看到是上面用brew安装的openssl了，因为在编译php过程中需要openssl的header，但是安装的时候都没有

编译php7：

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 --exec-prefix=/usr/local/php7 --bindir=/usr/local/php7/bin --sbindir=/usr/local/php7/sbin --includedir=/usr/local/php7/include --libdir=/usr/local/php7/lib/php --mandir=/usr/local/php7/php/man --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7/etc --enable-bcmath --enable-calendar --enable-debug --enable-exif --enable-fileinfo --enable-filter --enable-fpm --enable-ftp --enable-gd-jis-conv --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-hash --enable-json --enable-libxml --enable-maintainer-zts --enable-mbregex --enable-mbstring --enable-mysqlnd --enable-opcache --enable-opcache-file --enable-pcntl --enable-pdo --enable-session --enable-shared --enable-shmop --enable-simplexml --enable-soap --enable-sockets --enable-sysvmsg --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --enable-wddx --enable-xml --enable-zip --with-bz2 --with-curl --with-fpm-user=www --with-fpm-group=www --with-freetype-dir=/usr --with-gd --with-gettext --with-gmp --with-iconv --with-jpeg-dir=/usr --with-mcrypt=/usr/include --with-mhash --with-mysql-sock=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-pear --with-png-dir=/usr --with-xmlrpc --with-zlib -with-libxml-dir=/usr

如果编译过程中提示：Cannot locate header file libintl.h，请执行如下操作：

①、安装gettext：

brew install gettext

②、修改configure文件：

vi configure

找到如下文件：

for i in $PHP_GETTEXT /usr/local /usr ; do

替换为：

for i in $PHP_GETTEXT /usr/local /usr /usr/local/opt/gettext; do

如果提示openssl错误，在编译的时候设定openssl的路径，

--with-openssl=/usr/local/opt/openssl/

④、执行完毕之后进行编译并安装：

make && make install

如果尝试很多办法都提示ssl出错，在编译的时候就不要加上openssl了

⑤、安装完成之后配置php7：

sudo ln -s /usr/local/php7/bin/php* /usr/bin/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm /usr/bin
cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini
cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
sudo ln -s /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini /etc/php.ini
sudo ln -s /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf /etc/php-fpm.conf
cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

在安转完成之后会有提示：

You may want to add: /usr/local/php7/lib/php/php to your php.ini include_path

接下来编辑php.ini，

vi /etc/php.ini

找到include_path，在php.ini中加入include_path：

include_path = "/usr/local/php7/lib/php/php"

查看php版本：

php -v

显示结果如下：

PHP 7.1.0-dev (cli) (built: Feb  4 2016 09:02:09) ( ZTS DEBUG )
Copyright (c) 1997-2016 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.1.0-dev, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies

更改配置，使php7支持opcache，在安装完成时会提示：

Installing shared extensions:     /usr/local/php7/lib/php/extensions/debug-zts-20151012/

这个路径是扩展包路径，将路径复制下来，找到extension_dir并将刚才的路径添加到php.ini中，

vi /etc/php.ini

在php.ini中加入extension_dir的配置：

extension_dir = "/usr/local/php7/lib/php/extensions/debug-zts-20151012/"

开启opcache扩展：

在php.ini中找到opcache，加入opcache.so

sudo mkdir -p /var/log/opcache
vi /etc/php.ini

引用opcache.so:

zend_extension=opcache.so

并修改opcache的配置：

opcache.enable=1opcache.enable_cli=1opcache.file_cache="/var/log/opcache/"

现在查看php版本信息，显示结果如下：

PHP 7.1.0-dev (cli) (built: Feb  4 2016 09:02:09) ( ZTS DEBUG )
Copyright (c) 1997-2016 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.1.0-dev, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v7.0.6-dev, Copyright (c) 1999-2016, by Zend Technologies

现在opcache扩展已经加入了，修改php-fpm的配置：

vi /etc/php-fpm.conf

修改配置：

pid = run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = log/php-fpm.log

启动php-fpm：

php-fpm -D

这样会提示两个警告：

[04-Feb-2016 09:45:25] NOTICE: [pool www] 'user' directive is ignored when FPM is not running as root
[04-Feb-2016 09:45:25] NOTICE: [pool www] 'group' directive is ignored when FPM is not running as root

停止php-fpm的命令如下：

kill -INT `cat /usr/local/php7/var/run/php-fpm.pid`

重启php-fpm的命令如下：

kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/php7/var/run/php-fpm.pid`

接下来开始安装nginx：

3、安装nginx：

brew install nginx

安装完成的nginx，默认的root路径如下：

Docroot is: /usr/local/var/www

nginx的配置文件目录如下：

/usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

nginx虚拟站点目录如下：

nginx will load all files in /usr/local/etc/nginx/servers/.

开机启动nginx：

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents

启动nginx：

nginx

nginx监听80端口是需要root权限的，现在nginx默认监听的是8080端口：

sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.8.1/bin/nginx
sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.8.1/bin/nginx

配置nginx，先将nginx的配置文件放至/etc下：

sudo ln -s /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etcsudo ln -s /usr/local/etc/nginx/servers /etc/nginxservers

修改nginx监听端口：

sudo vi /etc/nginx.conf

修改配置文件如下：

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  4;
error_log  /usr/local/var/log/error.log;
error_log  /usr/local/var/log/error.log  notice;
error_log  /usr/local/var/log/error.log  info;
pid        /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /usr/local/var/log/access.log  main;
    port_in_redirect off;
    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    gzip  on;

    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
    include servers/*.conf;
}

然后在/etc/nginxservers/下创建default.conf，编辑default.conf，加入以下内容：

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        #charset koi8-r;
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
             # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
            location ~ \.php$ {
                fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
                fastcgi_index  index.php;
                fastcgi_intercept_errors    on;
                include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
            }
        }
        #error_page  404              /404.html;
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }

此时，LNMP已经搭建完毕，重启php-fpm和nginx。