这是一个基于深度学习的垃圾分类小工程,用深度残差网络构建
cans易拉罐
在实际的模型中,我们只使用了resnet50的5个stage,后面的输出部分需要我们自己定制,网络的结构图如下:
stage5后我们的定制网络如下:
"""定制resnet后面的层""" def custom(input_size,num_classes,pretrain): # 引入初始化resnet50模型 base_model = ResNet50(weights=pretrain, include_top=False, pooling=None, input_shape=(input_size,input_size, 3), classes=num_classes) #由于有预权重,前部分冻结,后面进行迁移学习 for layer in base_model.layers: layer.trainable = False #添加后面的层 x = base_model.output x = layers.GlobalAveragePooling2D(name='avg_pool')(x) x = layers.Dropout(0.5,name='dropout1')(x) #regularizers正则化层,正则化器允许在优化过程中对层的参数或层的激活情况进行惩罚 #对损失函数进行最小化的同时,也需要让对参数添加限制,这个限制也就是正则化惩罚项,使用l2范数 x = layers.Dense(512,activation='relu',kernel_regularizer= regularizers.l2(0.0001),name='fc2')(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='bn_fc_01')(x) x = layers.Dropout(0.5,name='dropout2')(x) #40个分类 x = layers.Dense(num_classes,activation='softmax')(x) model = Model(inputs=base_model.input,outputs=x) #模型编译 model.compile(optimizer="adam",loss = 'categorical_crossentropy',metrics=['accuracy']) return model
网络的训练是迁移学习过程,使用已有的初始resnet50权重(5个stage已经训练过,卷积层已经能够提取特征),我们只训练后面的全连接层部分,4个epoch后再对较后面的层进行训练微调一下,获得更高准确率,训练过程如下:
class Net(): def __init__(self,img_size,gar_num,data_dir,batch_size,pretrain): self.img_size=img_size self.gar_num=gar_num self.data_dir=data_dir self.batch_size=batch_size self.pretrain=pretrain def build_train(self): """迁移学习""" model = resnet.custom(self.img_size, self.gar_num, self.pretrain) model.summary() train_sequence, validation_sequence = genit.gendata(self.data_dir, self.batch_size, self.gar_num, self.img_size) epochs=4 model.fit_generator(train_sequence,steps_per_epoch=len(train_sequence),epochs=epochs,verbose=1,validation_data=validation_sequence, max_queue_size=10,shuffle=True) #微调,在实际工程中,激活函数也被算进层里,所以总共181层,微调是为了重新训练部分卷积层,同时训练最后的全连接层 layers=149 learning_rate=1e-4 for layer in model.layers[:layers]: layer.trainable = False for layer in model.layers[layers:]: layer.trainable = True Adam =adam(lr=learning_rate, decay=0.0005) model.compile(optimizer=Adam, loss='categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy']) model.fit_generator(train_sequence,steps_per_epoch=len(train_sequence),epochs=epochs * 2,verbose=1, callbacks=[ callbacks.ModelCheckpoint('./models/garclass.h5',monitor='val_loss', save_best_only=True, mode='min'), callbacks.ReduceLROnPlateau(monitor='val_loss', factor=0.1,patience=10, mode='min'), callbacks.EarlyStopping(monitor='val_loss', patience=10),], validation_data=validation_sequence,max_queue_size=10,shuffle=True) print('finish train,look for garclass.h5')
训练结果如下:
"""
loss: 0.7949 - acc: 0.9494 - val_loss: 0.9900 - val_acc: 0.8797
训练用了9小时左右
"""
如果使用更好的显卡,可以更快完成训练
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