前言

即将用到爬虫，于是打算收集一下User Agent(UA)数据。接着马上想到自己网站的访问日志不就是现成的优质数据源吗？于是愉快的决定写个脚本统计一下Nginx访问日志中的UA信息。

这类简单操作，用脚本语言就足够，毫无疑问肯定要用最熟悉的PHP。打开vim就开撸，十几分钟下来，功能简单的统计脚本就搞定了。

脚本目前有三个功能：

1. 找出所有的UA信息并排序； 2. 统计操作系统数据； 3. 统计浏览器数据。

程序运行截图如下：

1、UA信息

2、操作系统信息

3、浏览器

用脚本统计最近一个月的访问日志，得到以下结果：

• 搜索引擎爬虫比较频繁，每天有好几千次数据访问；
• Windows仍是份额最大的操作系统，Linux桌面依然份额很小；
• Chrome目前是浏览器领域的霸主，其次是Firefox，Opera已经很小众了。

最后附上PHP脚本的代码，也可以从本人的Github里找到：https://github.com/tlanyan/Scripts/blob/master/statUA.php

#!/usr/bin/php
<?php
/**
 * @brief stat UA in access log
 *
 * @author tlanyan<tlanyan@hotmail.com>
 * @link http://tlanyan.me
 */
/* vim: set ts=4; set sw=4; set ss=4; set expandtab; */
function getFileList(string $path) : array {
 return glob(rtrim($path, "/") . "/*access.log*");
}
function statFiles(array $files) : array {
 $stat = [];
 echo PHP_EOL, "start to read files...", PHP_EOL;
 foreach ($files as $file) {
  echo "read file: $file ...", PHP_EOL;
  $contents = getFileContent($file);
  foreach ($contents as $line) {
   $ua = getUA($line);
   if (isset($stat[$ua])) {
    $stat[$ua] += 1;
   } else {
    $stat[$ua] = 1;
   }
  }
 }
 echo "stat all files done!", PHP_EOL, PHP_EOL;
 return $stat;
}
function getFileContent(string $file) : array {
 if (substr($file, -3, 3) === ".gz") {
  return gzfile($file);
 }
 return file($file);
}
function getUA(string $line) : ?string {
 // important! Nginx log format determins the UA location in the line!
 // You may have to refactor following codes to get the right result
 // UA starts from fifth double quote 
 $count = 0; $offset = 0;
 while ($count < 5) {
  $pos = strpos($line, '"', $offset);
  if ($pos === false) {
   echo "Error! Unknown line: $line", PHP_EOL;
   return null;
  }
  $count ++;
  $offset = $pos + 1;
 }
 $end = strpos($line, '"', $offset);
 return substr($line, $offset, $end - $offset);
}
function usage() {
 echo "Usage: php statUA.php [option] [dir]", PHP_EOL;
 echo " options:", PHP_EOL;
 echo " -h: show this help", PHP_EOL;
 echo " -v: verbose mode", PHP_EOL;
 echo "-n NUM: UA list number", PHP_EOL;
 echo " dir: directory to the log files", PHP_EOL;
 echo PHP_EOL;
}
function filterUA(array& $stat, array $UAFilters) {
 $filterCount = 0;
 foreach ($UAFilters as $filter) {
  foreach ($stat as $ua => $count) {
   if (stripos($ua, $filter) !== false) {
    $filterCount += $count;
    unset($stat[$ua]);
   }
  }
 }
 echo "filter $filterCount records!", PHP_EOL;
}
function printCount(array $stat) {
 $sum = array_sum($stat);
 foreach ($stat as $key => $count) {
  echo $key, " : ", $count, ", percent: ", sprintf("%.2f", 100*$count/$sum), PHP_EOL;
 }
}
function statOS(array $UAs) : array {
 global $debug;
 echo PHP_EOL, "stat OS...", PHP_EOL;
 $os = ["Windows", "MacOS", "Linux", "Android", "iOS", "other"];
 $stat = array_fill_keys($os, 0);
 foreach ($UAs as $key => $count) {
  if (strpos($key, "Windows") !== false) {
   $stat["Windows"] += $count;
  } else if (strpos($key, "Macintosh") !== false) {
   $stat["MacOS"] += $count;
  // must deal Android first, then Linux
  } else if (strpos($key, "Android") !== false) {
   $stat["Android"] += $count;
  } else if (strpos($key, "Linux") !== false) {
   $stat["Linux"] += $count;
  } else if (strpos($key, "iPhone") !== false || strpos($key, "iOS") !== false || strpos($key, "like Mac OS") !== false || strpos($key, "Darwin") !== false) {
   $stat["iOS"] += $count;
  } else {
   if ($debug) {
    echo "other: $key, count: $count", PHP_EOL;
   }
   $stat["other"] += $count;
  }
 }
 return $stat;
}
function statBrowser(array $UAs) : array {
 global $debug;
 echo PHP_EOL, "stat brwoser...", PHP_EOL;
 $browsers = ["Chrome", "Firefox", "IE", "Safari", "Edge", "Opera", "other"];
 $stat = array_fill_keys($browsers, 0);
 foreach ($UAs as $key => $count) {
  if (strpos($key, "MSIE") !== false) {
   $stat["IE"] += $count;
  } else if (strpos($key, "Edge") !== false) {
   $stat["Edge"] += $count;
  } else if (strpos($key, "Firefox") !== false) {
   $stat["Firefox"] += $count;
  } else if (strpos($key, "OPR") !== false) {
   $stat["Opera"] += $count;
  // first Chrome, then Safari
  } else if (strpos($key, "Chrome") !== false) {
   $stat["Chrome"] += $count;
  } else if (strpos($key, "Safari") !== false) {
   $stat["Safari"] += $count;
  } else {
   if ($debug) {
    echo "other: $key, count: $count", PHP_EOL;
   }
   $stat["other"] += $count;
  }
 }
 return $stat;
}
function parseCmd() {
 global $debug, $num, $path, $argc, $argv;
 $optind = null;
 $options = getopt("hvn:", [], $optind);
 if ($argc > 2 && empty($options)) {
  usage();
  exit(1);
 }
 if (isset($options['h'])) {
  usage();
  exit(0);
 }
 if (isset($options['v'])) {
  $debug = true;
 }
 if (isset($options['n'])) {
  $num = intval($options['n']);
  if ($num <= 0) {
   $num = 10;
  }
 }
 if ($argc === 2 && empty($options)) {
  $path = $argv[1];
 }
 if ($argc > $optind) {
  $path = $argv[$optind];
 }
 if (!is_dir($path)) {
  echo "invalid directory: $path", PHP_EOL;
  exit(1);
 }
 if ($debug) {
  echo "num: $num", PHP_EOL;
  echo "verbose: ", var_export($debug, true), PHP_EOL;
  echo "path: $path", PHP_EOL;
 }
}
if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, "7.1") < 0) {
 exit("scripts require PHP >=7.1");
}
$path = ".";
$debug = false;
$num = 10;
$UAFilters = [
 "spider",
 "bot",
 "wget",
 "curl",
];
parseCmd();
$files = getFileList($path);
if (empty($files)) {
 echo '"' . realpath($path) . '" does not contain access log files.', PHP_EOL;
 exit(0);
}
$allUA = statFiles($files);
if (empty($allUA)) {
 echo "no data", PHP_EOL;
 exit(0);
}
filterUA($allUA, $UAFilters);
// sort array with count
uasort($allUA, function ($a, $b) {
 return $b - $a;
});
if ($debug) {
 print_r($allUA);
}
echo PHP_EOL, "---- top $num UA ----", PHP_EOL;
printCount(array_slice($allUA, 0, $num));
echo "-------------------", PHP_EOL;
$os = statOS($allUA);
echo PHP_EOL, "os count:", PHP_EOL;
printCount($os);
$browser = statBrowser($allUA);
echo PHP_EOL, "browser count:", PHP_EOL;
printCount($browser);

总结